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导读:

 

  图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,并提出结论或看法。因此,图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。

  写好图表作文,关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,把握各信息间的联系,用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法。

  图表作文的写作步骤

  写图表作文时,要注意遵循以下步骤:

  1)认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;

  2)确定文章的主题思想,构思出文章的基本框架,筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;

  3)编列文章的提纲;

  4)根据文章的提纲,将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落,然后将各个段落组成文章,注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;

  5)检查与修改。

  图表作文的篇章结构

  写图表作文时,常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为:

  第一段:概述图表反映的主题思想

  第二段:分析产生的原因

  第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议

  图表作文常用的句型

  (1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法)

  ① According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that … 根据该表/图,我们可知 ……

  ② The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that … 该表/图表明……

  ③ As we can see from the table …

  As can be seen from the line/bar graph …

  As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart …

  如表/图所示,……

  (2) 描述增减变化常用的句型

  ① Compared with … is still increased by …

  ② The number of … grew/rose from … to …

  ③ An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …

  ④ In … the number remains the same/drops to …

  ⑤ There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.

  ⑥There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).

  下面是根据例2的题目要求写的范文。

  ⑴From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. ⑵The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. ⑶The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. ⑷From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. ⑸After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. ⑹Therefore, it’s obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.⑴主题句/概述表格反映的内容⑵―(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结:总结表格数据反映的总趋势

  ⑺There are several reasons for the decline. ⑻First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. ⑼It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. ⑽As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. ⑾Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. ⑿Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten people’s awareness of observing traffic rules.⑺主题句⑻原因/措施一⑼解释措施一/次要辅助⑽采取措施一后的结果⑾原因/措施二⑿原因/措施三

  ⒀With all these new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.⒀总结:展望未来的情况