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导读:

  代词是英语语言的一大特色,频繁出现于考研英语的各个题型中,加之汉语多名词、英语多代词的这一差异,许多考研同学反映代词是英语学习中的一处障碍。因此,老师特别通过本文,从考研英语语法的角度,为广大同学总结出英语代词的用法,希冀对大家的考研英语复习提供一些帮助。

  一、人称代词

  1. 一般规则

  1)人称代词的使用顺序为第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。

  如:You, she and I are sincere friends.

  
  2)人称代词与表人的名词并列时,顺序为“名词+人称代词”,但you常位于名词前。

  如:You, Marry and I must be in a common effort.

  
  3)与其他代词排列时,人称代词在前。

  如:She, I and some others like pageant(露天表演).

  
  2. 当由every或each修饰并由and连接的两个单数名词做主语时,后面的代词要用单数;若这两个名词一个是阳性,一个是阴性。可用he/his/himself来代替。

  如:Every mother and daughter in town has been invited to the dancing party she is longing for.

  Every man and woman has his right to vote.

  
  3. 当由or或nor连接的两个名词或代词时,代词要与or 或nor后面的名词或代词在性和数上保持一致。

  如:Either Marry and or her classmates study harder than they did before.

  
  4. 人称代词在比较分句中做主语用主格,做宾语用宾格。

  如:I trust you as much as her. 但在非正式语体中人称代词在比较分句中做主语,也可以用宾格,特别是这类代词带有all, both做同位语,通常都用宾格。

  
  二、反身代词

  
  1.反身代词做介词的补足成分。

  by oneself 单独地,独自地

  for oneself 亲自地,为自己

  of oneself 自动地,自然而然地

  in oneself 自身,本质上

  to oneself 供自己用,专用

  
  2. 反身代词用于“动词+反身代词+副词”的固定搭配中。

  如:He took himself away. 走开

  She often puts herself forward. 摆架子

  Carl played a joke on Bob and gave himself away by laughing. 露出马脚

  
  3. 反身代词用于“动词+反身代词+介词”的固定搭配中。

  如:The work addict surrendered himself to despair. 陷入困境

  The Earl always prides himself on having a glorious past. 炫耀

  
  4. 在anyone, no one, nobody 等代词+ but 后可用第一、第二人称反身代词做主语,但不能用第三人称反身代词。  如:Anyone but yourself (myself) had been to the island girded by the sea.

  
  三、指示代词

  
  1. all, both 与of 连用时,如果of后是名词,则可省去of,但of后如果是代词,of则不可省。

  如:All the old men are hale and heavy.

  Both of them are idle fellows.

  
  All和whole 在修饰单数可数名词时,意思往往是一样的,然而次序不同,all用于冠词或其他限定词之前,而whole前必须有冠词或其他限定词。

  如:All the city is burning.

  The whole city is burning.

  
  2. no one = nobody ,仅用于人,不能与of 短语连用,谓语动词用单数。None既能指人,又能指物,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复试,也可与of连用。

  如:No one has read Paradise Lost up till now.

  None of us has seen an overpass.

  “none other than” 是个固定结构,意为“就是”,表示强调

  如:The new arrival was none other than the President.

  
  3. much 常用语下列用法中

  (be) much of a 很,更;了不起的,称得上……的

  not so much … as 与其说……,不如说……

  (with) not /without so much as 甚至于不

  much more = still more (用于肯定句)更加

  much less= still (even) less(用于否定句)更不,更说不上

  so much so that 到如此程度,以致

  
  4. everyone, every one, anyone, any one

  everyone = everybody,只能指人,不能与of 连用,而every one 可指人,也可指物,可跟of 短语。

  anyone, any one 用法同上,可用于肯定句。

  
  5. 其他不定代词构成的短语

  anything of 一点儿,一点;……的味道 (用于否定句、疑问句或条件句)

  something of 在某种意义(程度)上 (用于肯定句)

  everything of 一切事物,重要的事物;完全

  nothing of 根本不,一点也不是

  anything but 除……之外的任何事物;根本不,绝不

  nothing but 仅仅